Arcaro is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. He has studied primate thalamic function for over a decade. Among other contributions, his work has characterized the functional and anatomical organization of sub-regions within individual thalamic nuclei in both humans and macaques. Arcaro has several publications on this topic and related methods. Arcaro is an expert in high-resolution imaging of the thalamus and mapping thalamo-cortical networks.